{"id":11855,"date":"2022-11-13T20:16:22","date_gmt":"2022-11-13T19:16:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meslibellules.fr\/blog\/?p=11855"},"modified":"2023-01-04T21:36:36","modified_gmt":"2023-01-04T20:36:36","slug":"ischnura-heterosticta-burmeister-1839","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meslibellules.fr\/blog\/2022\/11\/13\/ischnura-heterosticta-burmeister-1839\/","title":{"rendered":"Ischnura heterosticta (Burmeister, 1839)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ischnura<\/a>
Ischnura heterosticta m\u00e2le, Australie (NT), Marlow Lagoon, 13\/04\/2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Avec ses 34 mm, c’est le plus grand des 3 Ischnura d’Australie, mais comme toujours, il est difficile d’\u00e9valuer la taille d’un odonate, surtout quand il s’agit de diff\u00e9rences de quelques millim\u00e8tres. Dans ce pays cependant, l’identification des Ischnura m\u00e2les ne pose pas de probl\u00e8me ; Ischnura aurora<\/a> est tr\u00e8s vivement color\u00e9, et Ischnura heterosticta ne peut \u00eatre confondu qu’avec Ischnura pruinescens. Ce dernier, comme son nom le pr\u00e9cise, est couvert, pour le thorax et les premiers segments, d’une pulv\u00e9rulence l\u00e9g\u00e8rement bleut\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ischnura<\/a>
Ischnura heterosticta m\u00e2le, Australie (WA), Lily Creek Lagoon, Kununurra, 22\/04\/2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De plus, la bande ante hum\u00e9rale des Ischnura heterosticta est assez facile \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre, car si elle est fine, elle est \u00e9paissie en un triangle arrondi , en goutte, \u00e0 son extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 ant\u00e9rieure. Celle de I. pruinescens est fine, non \u00e9paissie et lorsque les sujets sont matures, elle dispara\u00eet sous la pruine.
Cette bande ante hum\u00e9rale se r\u00e9duit m\u00eame parfois \u00e0 cet \u00e9paississement ant\u00e9rieure, comme sur la premi\u00e8re photo et ci-dessous :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ischnura<\/a>
Ischnura heterosticta m\u00e2le, Australie (NT), Edith Falls, 20\/04\/2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On le trouve dans les eaux stagnantes, et comme beaucoup d’esp\u00e8ces, dans les parties calmes des eaux courantes. Il tol\u00e8re tr\u00e8s bien un assez haut niveau de salinit\u00e9.
On le trouve dans toute l’Australie et la Tasmanie. Mais aussi dans les iles Salomon, les iles Tonga, Vanatu, la Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie, la Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin\u00e9e et l’est de l’Indon\u00e9sie.

C’est une esp\u00e8ce particuli\u00e8rement active, d\u00e8s le lever du soleil, et il est curieux et int\u00e9ressant de lire dans The reproductive biology and daily activity patterns of Ischnura heterosticta<\/em> (2) que la fr\u00e9quence maximale d’accouplements est observ\u00e9e entre 5 heures et 9 heures le matin. Le reste de la journ\u00e9e \u00e9tant consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 se nourrir et \u00e0 la ponte, pour les femelles, car les m\u00e2les se d\u00e9sint\u00e9ressent du sujet et ne \u00ab\u00a0gardent\u00a0\u00bb pas les femelles lors de cette activit\u00e9.

Ci-dessous, la photo de droite montre certainement un sujet plus jeune, ce qu’on peut appr\u00e9cier avec la coloration verte plut\u00f4t que bleue des fines bandes ant\u00e9hum\u00e9rales. On note \u00e9galement la pr\u00e9sence sur son thorax de parasites, un \u00e0 gauche, deux \u00e0 droite ; certainement des hydracariens, sans doute du genre arrenurus, qui parasitent l’odonate en se nourrissant de son h\u00e9molymphe<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Ischnura<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Ischnura<\/a><\/figure>\n
Ischnura heterosticta m\u00e2le, Australie (NT), Rum Jungle Lake, 14\/04\/2022
Ischnura heterosticta m\u00e2le, Australie (WA), Lily Creek Lagoon, Kununurra, 22\/04\/2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le cas des femelles est plus complexe ; contrairement \u00e0 ce que j’en avais d\u00e9duit sur le terrain, les femelles immatures<\/em> sont toutes bleues, androchromes (ou andromorphes). Ce n’est qu’en prenant de l’\u00e2ge et devenant matures sexuellement qu’elles deviennent gynochromes (ou gynomorphes) vertes, grises ou interm\u00e9diaires : \u00ab\u00a0Gynomorphs of I. heterosticta are mature, and andromorphs are immature females.\u00a0\u00bb (3) Cela ne semble pourtant pas si \u00e9vident quand on les observe, comme on va le voir plus bas.

Tillyard, en 1905, dans \u00ab\u00a0On dimorphism in the female of Ischnura heterosticta<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb y a vu 2 formes de femelles qu’il d\u00e9crit sous le nom de A et B, sans notion d’\u00e2ge ou de maturit\u00e9, et fait diff\u00e9rentes suppositions consid\u00e9rant tour \u00e0 tour l’\u00e9volution d’une forme originale A (terne) vers B (bleue), ou B vers A. Il part du principe que les femelles sont plus attractives pour les pr\u00e9dateurs en raison de leur abdomen rebondi et que les femelles bleues passeraient donc pour des m\u00e2les sans int\u00e9r\u00eat pour les gourmets , ou qu’au contraire les femelles bleues seraient trop voyantes et auraient \u00e9volu\u00e9 vers une forme terne pour se cacher.

On pense actuellement que cette forme bleue, qui est ainsi \u00ab\u00a0obligatoire<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb pour les tr\u00e8s jeunes femelles, leur permettrait d’\u00e9viter d’\u00eatre harcel\u00e9 par les m\u00e2les, et de perdre leur \u00e9nergie qu’elles peuvent ainsi consacrer \u00e0 … devenir matures.
Dans Color Change from male-mimic to Gynomorphic<\/em> (4), on pr\u00e9cise m\u00eame que ce changement de couleur, irr\u00e9versible, intervient 4 \u00e0 7 jours apr\u00e8s l’\u00e9mergence, et se fait en une journ\u00e9e, laissant ainsi savoir aux m\u00e2les que la femelle est pr\u00eat \u00e0 s’accoupler.

Ci-dessous une femelle en transition entre le bleu et le vert, entre immaturit\u00e9 et maturit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ischnura<\/a>
Ischnura heterosticta femelle, Australie (WA), Marigu Billabong (Wyndham), 23\/04\/2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Puis une femelle plus verte que bleue et une autre apparemment plus \u00e2g\u00e9e devenant terne.
Comme d\u00e9j\u00e0 mentionn\u00e9, il doit exister tous les interm\u00e9diaires entre bleu, vert et gris. Je n’ai pas vu de femelles grises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Ischnura<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Ischnura<\/a><\/figure>\n
Ischnura heterosticta femelle, Australie (NT), Nourlangie Rock, 30\/04\/2022
Ischnura heterosticta femelle, Australie (NT), Jabiru Lake, 28\/04\/2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cette lacune a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9par\u00e9e en d\u00e9cembre dans le Queensland :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ischnura<\/a>
Ischnura heterosticta femelle, Australie (FNQ), Innot Hot Springs, 11\/12\/2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne vais pas faire des statistiques avec les 6 accouplements diff\u00e9rents que j’ai photographi\u00e9s ! Mais 3 sur 6 se d\u00e9roulent avec des femelles bleues, alors qu’elles sont cens\u00e9es \u00eatre immatures et que ce type d’accouplement est tr\u00e8s rare si on consulte Spectral Sensitivities and Color Signals in a Polymorphic Damselfly<\/em> (3) :\u00a0\u00bbResults of mate choice observations from 869 mating pairs from
the field showed that males preferred predominantly to mate with gynomorphs (>99%) and ignored andromorphs, although they comprised 11% of the female population in the field ( Les r\u00e9sultats des observations sur le terrain de 869 accouplements montrent que les m\u00e2les pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent largement s’accoupler avec des femelles gynomorphes (> 99%) et ignorent les andromorphes, bien que celles-ci constituent 11% de la population des femelles pr\u00e9sentes)\u00a0\u00bb.
Dans le document (4) d\u00e9j\u00e0 cit\u00e9 on lit \u00ab\u00a0Only 1 of 1354 matings was with an andromorph female, suggesting that males did not recognize andromorphs as mating partners<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb soit \u00a0\u00bb Seulement 1 sur 1354 accouplements l’a \u00e9t\u00e9 avec une femelle andromorphe sugg\u00e9rant que les m\u00e2les ne reconnaissent pas les andromorphes comme partenaire d’accouplement<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0.
Les accouplements ci-dessous ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s entre 13 heures et 14 heures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Ischnura<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Ischnura<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Ischnura<\/a><\/figure>\n
Ischnura heterosticta accouplement, Australie (NT), Jabiru Lake, 28\/04\/2022
Ischnura heterosticta accouplement, Australie (NT), Marlow Lagoon, 13\/04\/2022 pour les 2 photos de droite<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On remarque que ces femelles androchromes, en tout cas les 2 de gauche, imitent parfaitement les m\u00e2les, jusqu’\u00e0 la bande hum\u00e9rale r\u00e9duite \u00e0 un petit triangle ant\u00e9rieur, en particulier celle de gauche. Sauf la couleur des pt\u00e9rostigmas, qui reste conforme \u00e0 celle des femelles.
L’accouplement de droite montre une femelle plus verte que bleue, sans doute plus \u00e2g\u00e9e (?) et en tout cas bien charg\u00e9e d’hydracariens sous son abdomen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ischnura<\/a>
Ischnura heterosticta accouplement, Australie (NT), Marlow Lagoon, 13\/04\/2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ci-dessus, l’accouplement montre la seule femelle vraiment mature, au sens du document (3), que j’aurai vue.
Toutes ces photos montrent les yeux des m\u00e2les et des femelles nets ; je dis ceci non pour me louer, mais pour faire remarquer que ce sont de vrais profils et qu’on peut comparer de fa\u00e7on raisonnablement fiable les abdomens de ces femelles. Remarquons alors la largeur de leur abdomen qui selon moi serait un bon signe de maturit\u00e9, en particulier de maturit\u00e9 des ovaires : l’abdomen est plus large, plus massif sur la derni\u00e8re photo, ce qui semble logique pour une femelle dont la coloration est en accord avec sa maturit\u00e9 sexuelle.
Mais il est bien large aussi pour la photo 2, alors que la coloration para\u00eet devoir indiquer une femelle sexuellement immature. Mais je n’ai \u00e9videmment pas d’exp\u00e9rience de cette esp\u00e8ce et il vaut mieux faire confiance aux scientifiques !

Ischnura (1) vient du grec ischnos<\/em> pour fin<\/em> ou mince<\/em> et de oura<\/em> qui signifie queue<\/em>. Charpentier explique qu\u2019il a cr\u00e9\u00e9 ce nom en raison de la finesse exceptionnelle de l\u2019abdomen (sans doute en comparaison du genre Calopteryx, d\u2019apr\u00e8s Fliedner (2006), car elle n\u2019a pour nous rien d\u2019\u00e9tonnant en soi).
Heterosticta vient de 2 mots grecs, l’un signifiant deux <\/em> et l’autre, stigma<\/em>, pour marque-tatouage<\/em> pour se r\u00e9f\u00e9rer soit aux pt\u00e9rostigmas diff\u00e9rents entre ailes ant\u00e9rieure et post\u00e9rieure (une caract\u00e9ristique des Ischnura), soit au fait que le pt\u00e9rostigma de l’aile ant\u00e9rieure est bicolore. Pourtant, ces 2 caract\u00e8res sont communs \u00e0 nombre d’esp\u00e8ces d’Ischnura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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– 1 – The Naming of Australia\u2019s Dragonflies, Ian Endersby & Heinrich Fliedner, Busybird Publishing 2015
– 2 – The reproductive biology and daily activity patterns of Ischnura heterosticta<\/em>, (Burmeister, 1841) (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae) in eastern Australia, S.-c. HUANG, J. REINHARD and G. NORVAL, Odonatologica 41(2): 99-107 June 1, 2012.
– 3 – Huang S-c, Chiou T-h, Marshall J, Reinhard J (2014) Spectral Sensitivities and Color Signals in a Polymorphic Damselfly. PLoS ONE 9(1): e87972. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0087972
– 4 – Shao-Chang Huang, Judith Reinhard, Color Change from male-mimic to Gynomorphic: a New Aspect of Signaling Sexual Status in Damselflies (Odonata, Zygoptera), Behavioral Ecology<\/em>, Volume 23, Issue 6, November-December 2012, Pages 1269\u20131275, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/beheco\/ars112<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Suite<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Accueil Australie <\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Avec ses 34 mm, c’est le plus grand des 3 Ischnura d’Australie, mais comme toujours, il est difficile d’\u00e9valuer la taille d’un odonate, surtout quand il s’agit de diff\u00e9rences de quelques millim\u00e8tres. Dans ce pays cependant, l’identification des Ischnura m\u00e2les ne pose pas de probl\u00e8me ; Ischnura aurora est tr\u00e8s vivement color\u00e9, et Ischnura heterosticta […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[684,689],"tags":[687,692],"class_list":["post-11855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-australie-nt","category-coenagrionidae-australie-nt","tag-australie","tag-coenagrionidae-australie","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"\nIschnura heterosticta - 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