{"id":16814,"date":"2023-11-01T07:48:32","date_gmt":"2023-11-01T06:48:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meslibellules.fr\/blog\/?p=16814"},"modified":"2025-12-11T17:57:19","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T16:57:19","slug":"petalura-ingentissima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meslibellules.fr\/blog\/2023\/11\/01\/petalura-ingentissima\/","title":{"rendered":"Petalura ingentissima (Tillyard, 1908)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Giant<\/a>
Petalura ingentissima m\u00e2le, Australie (FNQld), Emerald Creek Falls, 05\/12\/2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La d\u00e9couverte de Petalura ingentissima a \u00e9t\u00e9 un des temps forts de cette prospection. C’est une nouvelle famille pour moi, une raret\u00e9 et une libellule mythique dans le monde des odonatophiles : elle fait partie des plus anciennes libellules existantes, avec des fossiles datant de 150 millions d’ann\u00e9es.
Elle est actuellement consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme le plus grand anisopt\u00e8re<\/a>, avec une envergure de 160 mm et une longueur de 12.5 cm (pour la femelle, respectivement 151 mm et 120 mm pour le m\u00e2le).
Je rappelle que le plus grand odonate, anisopt\u00e8res et zygopt\u00e8res confondus, serait Megaloprepus caerulatus<\/a>, un zygopt\u00e8re, que j’ai eu la chance de rencontrer au Panama.
Mais, il faut lire Keith Wilson dans \u00ab\u00a0Dragonfly Giants<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb pour pr\u00e9ciser les mesures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malheureusement, nous n’avons pu l’observer qu’\u00e0 distance, de trop loin pour d\u00e9tailler ses extraordinaires appendices anaux, en forme de feuille ou de p\u00e9tale, comme le souligne son nom anglais, Giant petaltail<\/em>. Sur la vue ci-dessus, l’\u00e9pine qui semble s’\u00e9chapper de l’extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 de l’abdomen est en fait un appendice anal vu de profil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Petalura<\/a>
Petalura ingentissima m\u00e2le, Australie (FNQld), Emerald Creek Falls, 05\/12\/2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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\n
\"P.<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans sa description, Tillyard pr\u00e9cise que les appendices sup\u00e9rieurs (3), qui, je le rappelle, sont utilis\u00e9s pour la capture et maintenir la femelle pendant l’accouplement, mesurent chacun 8.5 mm de long sur 7 de large. Les appendices inf\u00e9rieurs (4), massifs \u00e9galement, n’atteignent que 3 mm de long.

Petalura ingentissima, planche de Tillyard, dans \u00ab\u00a0On the genus Petalura, with description of a new species<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 32: 708\u2013718<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Il est end\u00e9mique des for\u00eats pluviales du nord du Queensland, de Townsville au nord de Cairns.
IUCN Red List<\/a>

Dans cette zone, on rencontre un deuxi\u00e8me des 5 Petalura connus (tous pr\u00e9sents en Australie), P. pulcherrima, rarissime et encore plus nordique. Les six autres esp\u00e8ces de Petaluridae vivent en Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande, au Japon, dans le Pacifique nord-ouest, aux \u00c9tats-Unis (deux esp\u00e8ces) et en Am\u00e9rique du Sud.

Nous avons eu \u00e0 peine plus de chance avec les femelles que nous avons rencontr\u00e9es bri\u00e8vement sur 2 lieux diff\u00e9rents, mais toujours aussi haut perch\u00e9es dans les eucalyptus. Sur le premier site, nous avons longuement attendu son retour, apr\u00e8s un premier contact, sans succ\u00e8s, certains assis sur un tronc d’arbre d’o\u00f9 s’\u00e9chappera un Acanthopis praelongus<\/a> (Elapidae), d’un genre plus explicitement appel\u00e9 Vip\u00e8res de la mort<\/a>, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l’un des reptiles les plus venimeux au monde. Nous sommes vainement retourn\u00e9s sur ce site le lendemain, et un de mes compagnons portait exceptionnellement des bottes ce jour-l\u00e0, allez savoir pourquoi ?

Ce site est une rivi\u00e8re \u00e0 la saison des pluies, mais un marais au mois de d\u00e9cembre quand nous avons prospect\u00e9. Il vit en for\u00eat pluviale, au long des cours d’eau, et c’est pr\u00e8s d’une plus grande rivi\u00e8re que s’est produite notre deuxi\u00e8me rencontre.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Petalura<\/a>
Petalura ingentissima femelle, Australie (FNQld), Dinden National Park, 08\/12\/2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Autant les appendices anaux du m\u00e2le sont longs, autant ceux de la femelle semblent absents, port\u00e9s par un abdomen qui se termine de fa\u00e7on abrupte, \u00e9paissi par un lourd ovipositeur.

Une autre femelle ci-dessous qui s’est assez rapidement envol\u00e9e.
Curieux nom d’ailleurs pour ce site magnifique<\/a> qu’elle avait choisi et o\u00f9 certains d’entre nous se sont baign\u00e9s : Alligators Nest Swimming Hole dans le Tully Gorge National Park, au confluent de 2 rivi\u00e8res. Les alligators sont en effet des reptiles am\u00e9ricains ! En fait, ce lieu de baignade est ainsi nomm\u00e9, car une troupe de scouts nomm\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0les Alligators\u00a0\u00bb avait l’habitude de se r\u00e9unir ici, il n’y a jamais eu de crocodiles. Ouf !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Giant<\/a>
Petalura ingentissima femelle, Australie (FNQld), Tully Gorge, 16\/12\/2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nous l’avons retrouv\u00e9e \u00e0 une cinquantaine de m\u00e8tres, dans une aire ouverte, malheureusement au moins aussi haut, mais b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant d’un meilleur angle de vue, en s’\u00e9loignant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Petalura<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\u00c9tymologie<\/strong>
Petalura<\/strong> (1) du grec petalon<\/em> pour feuille d’arbre ou de plante et de ura<\/em> signifiant queue<\/em> (comme dans Ischnura) pour souligner, bien s\u00fbr, la forme des appendices anaux du m\u00e2le.

Ingentissima<\/strong>, superlatif du latin ingens, signifie grand, \u00e9norme. On l’a d\u00e9j\u00e0 dit, c’est un des plus grands odonates au monde, bien plus grand que Petalura gigantea dont l’envergure du m\u00e2le n’atteint que 110 mm.


Petalura ingentissima femelle, Australie (FNQld), Tully Gorge, 16\/12\/2022<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Les larves des Petaluridae sont exceptionnelles dans le sens o\u00f9 elles vivent dans un terrier creus\u00e9 dans la boue des rives, d\u00e9bouchant \u00e0 l’air libre, parfois jusqu’\u00e0 1 m au-dessus du niveau de l’eau. Elles y chassent \u00e0 l’affut, capturant les proies aquatiques habituelles des odonates c\u00f4t\u00e9 rivi\u00e8re<\/em>, mais occasionnellement aussi des insectes ou arachnides terrestres c\u00f4t\u00e9 terre<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

-1- The Naming of Australia’s Dragonflies<\/a>, Ian Endersby & Heinrich Fliedner, Busybird publishing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
Accueil Australie<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La d\u00e9couverte de Petalura ingentissima a \u00e9t\u00e9 un des temps forts de cette prospection. C’est une nouvelle famille pour moi, une raret\u00e9 et une libellule mythique dans le monde des odonatophiles : elle fait partie des plus anciennes libellules existantes, avec des fossiles datant de 150 millions d’ann\u00e9es.Elle est actuellement consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme le plus grand […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16814","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-non-classe","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"\nPetalura ingentissima - 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