{"id":22781,"date":"2024-11-24T21:03:29","date_gmt":"2024-11-24T20:03:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meslibellules.fr\/blog\/?p=22781"},"modified":"2024-11-24T21:24:41","modified_gmt":"2024-11-24T20:24:41","slug":"ischnura-hastata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meslibellules.fr\/blog\/2024\/11\/24\/ischnura-hastata\/","title":{"rendered":"Cuba – Ischnura hastata (Say, 1840)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Ischnura<\/a>
Ischnura hastata m\u00e2le, Cuba, Punta Perdiz, 15\/11\/2023.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ischnura hastata est une petite merveille qui rec\u00e8le des caract\u00e8res exceptionnels dans diff\u00e9rents domaines.
Il est bien s\u00fbr facile \u00e0 identifier, non seulement \u00e0 Cuba, mais partout o\u00f9 il est pr\u00e9sent ; son thorax noir \u00e0 bandes vertes, son abdomen jaune vif, ses pt\u00e9rostigmas orang\u00e9s aux ailes post\u00e9rieures lui donnent un look unique, parmi les Ischnura et tous les Coenagrionidae.
Il mesure entre 20 et 27 mm (1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pt\u00e9rostogimas
Pt\u00e9rostogimas Ischnura hastata m\u00e2le, Cuba, Punta Perdiz, 15\/11\/2023.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ses pt\u00e9rostigmas sont uniques dans le monde des odonates ; ils sont tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents entre les ailes ant\u00e9rieures et post\u00e9rieures et surtout ceux des ailes post\u00e9rieures, orange, ne touchent pas la veine costale, sauf dans leur partie toute distale, une cellule les en s\u00e9pare. Ce caract\u00e8re, tout \u00e0 fait singulier parmi toutes les esp\u00e8ces connues, fait que lorsque Rambur l’a d\u00e9crit de son c\u00f4t\u00e9 en 1842, il l’avait appel\u00e9 Agrion anomalum<\/em> (du latin anomalus<\/em> pour irr\u00e9gulier<\/em>). Selys, dans ses Odonates de Cuba en 1857 (2) avait plac\u00e9 cet Agrion hastata<\/em> (Say,1839)(3) dans son sous-genre Anomalagrion<\/em>. Calvert (4) fait de ce sous-genre un genre et le nomme Anomalagrion hastatum. Il restera dans ce genre aujourd’hui disparu jusqu’\u00e0 ce de Marmels (1987) lui fasse int\u00e9grer le genre Ischnura, ce que des analyses g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques confirmeront plus tard.
Noter \u00e9galement que ces pt\u00e9rostigmas sont surmont\u00e9s d’un \u00e9paississement blanch\u00e2tre de la nervure costale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Agrion<\/a>
Agrion hastatum, sous-genre Anomalagrion, Selys, Odonates de Cuba<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De plus, il porte sur le dixi\u00e8me segment abdominal, une longue projection verticale, bifide, qui intervient certainement dans la capture et le maintien de femelle en vue de l’accouplement. D’autres Ischnura montrent ce genre d’expansion, I. capreolus<\/a> bien s\u00fbr, puisque cette expansion lui donne son nom d’esp\u00e8ce, mais notre I. elegans aussi<\/a>, bien que plus discr\u00e8tement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ischnura<\/a>
Ischnura hastata m\u00e2le 10\u00b0 segment, Cuba, Punta Perdiz, 15\/11\/2023.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Son biotope est classiquement constitu\u00e9 de mares ou \u00e9tangs mar\u00e9cageux avec des plantes \u00e9mergentes comme les carex et les gramin\u00e9es (5), et si on peut l’apercevoir pr\u00e8s de rivi\u00e8res, c’est qu’il s’y trouve des eaux stagnantes (6).
L’habitat dans lequel je l’ai observ\u00e9 \u00e0 Cuba est assez \u00e9tonnant ; un terrain vague en limite de parking, le long d’une route tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quent\u00e9e entre for\u00eat et mer, une zone envahie d’herbes et d’arbustes dess\u00e9ch\u00e9s, ayant m\u00eame br\u00fbl\u00e9 par endroit. Et je n’ai pas trouv\u00e9 d’eau \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, si ce n’est la mer \u00e0 150 m\u00e8tres. Mais la Punta Perdiz se situe dans le marais de Zapata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ischnura<\/a>
Ischnura hastata m\u00e2le, Cuba, Punta Perdiz, 15\/11\/2023.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La distribution g\u00e9ographique de Ischnura hastata s’\u00e9tend du sud-est du Canada jusqu’\u00e0 la Colombie et la Guyane Fran\u00e7aise, \u00e0 travers l’est des \u00c9tats-Unis. Mais il est aussi pr\u00e9sent dans le nord des Petites Antilles, ce qui n’est pas vraiment surprenant. Plus \u00e9tonnant est la population des Gal\u00e1pagos, qui repr\u00e9sente les seuls odonates de l’ile, et totalement inattendue est sa pr\u00e9sence aux Acores, \u00e0 4200 km du peuplement le plus proche ! J’en reparlerai plus bas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\"Ischnura<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Citrine<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Les femelles Ischnura hastata ou Citrine forktail<\/em> ont une coloration qui \u00e9volue consid\u00e9rablement avec l’\u00e2ge, mais contrairement \u00e0 beaucoup d’autres esp\u00e8ces d’Ischnura, on ne conna\u00eet qu’une seule forme adulte, \u00ab\u00a0verte\u00a0\u00bb se couvrant progressivement d’u pruinosit\u00e9.’une pruinosit\u00e9 blanch\u00e2tre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ischnura<\/a>
Ischnura hastata femelle, Cuba, Punta Perdiz, 15\/11\/2023.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Elles sont tout aussi extraordinaires, mais leur particularit\u00e9 n’est pas visible sur photo. En effet, la tr\u00e8s \u00e9tonnante population des A\u00e7ores n’est compos\u00e9e que de femelles et il a fallu se rendre \u00e0 l’\u00e9vidence que l’esp\u00e8ce s’y reproduisait par parth\u00e9nogen\u00e8se. Si d’autres insectes sont connus pour pr\u00e9senter ce type de reproduction, Ischnura hastata est le seul odonate connu pour cette curiosit\u00e9 biologique. La pr\u00e9sence et le mode de reproduction l’esp\u00e8ce sur ces iles pose de nombreuses questions.
En ce qui concerne sa pr\u00e9sence, elle a pu \u00eatre apport\u00e9e par les vents (une recherche sur le plancton a\u00e9rien a mis en \u00e9vidence des sujets \u00e0 300 m d’altitude), ou par les hommes, avec de l’eau ou des plantes…
Ce qui a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 sa reproduction parth\u00e9nog\u00e9n\u00e9tique est un myst\u00e8re, car elle n’est pas provoqu\u00e9e, comme pour d’autres esp\u00e8ces d’insectes, par la pr\u00e9sence de bact\u00e9ries, en particulier Wolbachia<\/em> que l’on a suspect\u00e9. Il y a de tr\u00e8s nombreuses \u00e9tudes sur ce sujet et celle que je cite (6) n’en est qu’un exemple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Citrine<\/a>
Ischnura hastata femelle, Cuba, Punta Perdiz, 15\/11\/2023.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cette pathogen\u00e8se est tr\u00e8s explor\u00e9e, d’autant que les femelles Ischnura hastata montrent d’autres particularit\u00e9s : elles ne semblent s’accoupler que lorsqu’elles sont jeunes, nouvellement matures et sont peut-\u00eatre monandres (elles ne s’accoupleraient qu’une seule fois !). D’ailleurs, le m\u00e2le n’accompagne pas la femelle \u00e0 la ponte, sans doute parce qu’il ne craint pas qu’un autre m\u00e2le \u00e9limine ou repousse son sperme. D’ailleurs, on trouve peu de photos d’accouplements pour cette esp\u00e8ce sur iNaturalist, 10 pour 1000 photos contre 10 pour 160 photos pour Ischnura elegans.
Enfin, les femelles sont souvent en surnombre par rapport aux m\u00e2les sur les sites d’observations ou la reproduction est sexu\u00e9e (presque partout) : c’est tout \u00e0 fait en contradiction avec ce que l’on observe pour les autres Ischnura. Seraient-elles capables de se reproduire par parth\u00e9nogen\u00e8se ailleurs qu’aux A\u00e7ores ? Sans doute pas, car dans \u00ab\u00a0Parthenogenesis did not consistently evolve in insular populations of Ischnura hastata (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb (7), les auteurs pensent qu’il n’y pas d’indication de parth\u00e9nog\u00e9n\u00e8se dans les populations suivies ailleurs et que, comme le nombre de larves des deux sexes est sensiblement identiques dans leurs pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements de terrain, c’est simplement que les femelles sont moins pr\u00e9dat\u00e9es (coloration moins voyante) et sans doute plus r\u00e9sistantes aux maladies et parasites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etymologie<\/strong><\/span>
Ischnura<\/strong> (2) vient du grec\u00a0ischnos<\/em>\u00a0pour\u00a0fin<\/em>\u00a0ou\u00a0mince<\/em>\u00a0et de\u00a0oura<\/em>\u00a0qui signifie\u00a0queue<\/em>. Charpentier explique qu\u2019il a cr\u00e9\u00e9 ce nom en raison de la finesse exceptionnelle de l\u2019abdomen (sans doute en comparaison du genre Calopteryx, d\u2019apr\u00e8s Fliedner (2006), car elle n\u2019a pour nous rien d\u2019\u00e9tonnant en soi).
Hastata<\/strong>, du latin hastatus<\/em> qui signifie garni d’une lance<\/em>. Say (3) \u00e9crit : \u00ab\u00a0tergum with green hastated spots and lines – abdomen (tergites) avec des points et des lignes hast\u00e9s (en forme de lance)\u00a0\u00bb.

Si les am\u00e9ricains l’appellent Citrine forktail, en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la couleur de l’abdomen du m\u00e2le, Selys (2) avait choisi de le nommer Agrion en hache, <\/em>ce qui est assez compr\u00e9hensible si on regarde de pr\u00e8s les dessins abdominaux ; on y voit aussi bien un manche portant une hache \u00e0 deux lames qu’une lance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

1- Fran\u00e7ois Meurgey et Lionel Picard \u2013 2011, Les Libellules des Antilles Fran\u00e7aises, \u00e9ditions Biotope.
2- Selys Longchamps, E. de, 1857. Odonates de Cuba.<\/a> In: Sagra, R. de la (ed.) \u201cHistoire physique, politique et naturelle de l\u2019Ile de Cuba\u201d, 8: p. 470.
3- Say, 1839 – Description of New North American Neuropterous insects and Oobservations on some already described<\/a> – Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 8, N\u00b01, p. 38
4- Philippe Calvert, 1908 – Odonata, Inecta, Neuroptera -Biologia Centrali-Americana :zoology, botany and archaeology<\/a>.
5- Dennis Paulson, 2019 – Dragonflies and Damselflies A Natural History – Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford.
6- Lorenzo-Carballa, D.Beatty, AdolfoCordero-Rivera, 2011 – Parthenogenesis in island insects- the case study of Ischnura hastata Say (Odonata – Coenagrionidae) in the Azores<\/a> in Terrestial Arthropods of Macaronesia.
-7 LORENZO-CARBALLA, M. O., HASSALL, C., ENCALADA, A. C., SANMART\u00cdN-VILLAR, I., TORRES-CAMBAS, Y., & CORDERO-RIVERA, A. (2016). Parthenogenesis did not consistently evolve in insular populations ofIschnura hastata(Odonata, Coenagrionidae)<\/a>. Ecological Entomology, 42(1), 67\u201376.
8- Heinrich Fliedner, Ian Endersby, 2019 – The Scientific Names of North American Dragonflies, Busybird Publishing 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
Accueil Cuba<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ischnura hastata est une petite merveille qui rec\u00e8le des caract\u00e8res exceptionnels dans diff\u00e9rents domaines.Il est bien s\u00fbr facile \u00e0 identifier, non seulement \u00e0 Cuba, mais partout o\u00f9 il est pr\u00e9sent ; son thorax noir \u00e0 bandes vertes, son abdomen jaune vif, ses pt\u00e9rostigmas orang\u00e9s aux ailes post\u00e9rieures lui donnent un look unique, parmi les Ischnura […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[38553,38548],"tags":[38554,38550],"class_list":["post-22781","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-coenagrionidae-cuba","category-cuba","tag-coenagrionidae-cuba","tag-cuba","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"\nIschnura hastata, Citrine forktail - 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