{"id":8285,"date":"2021-03-08T09:22:47","date_gmt":"2021-03-08T08:22:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.meslibellules.fr\/blog\/?p=8285"},"modified":"2025-05-26T08:13:45","modified_gmt":"2025-05-26T06:13:45","slug":"erythromma-najas-parasitisme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meslibellules.fr\/blog\/2021\/03\/08\/erythromma-najas-parasitisme\/","title":{"rendered":"Erythromma najas : parasitisme"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a>
Erythromma najas femelle, Lac de Bourdouze (France-63), 22\/07\/2017<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les odonates sont commun\u00e9ment parasit\u00e9s par des hydracariens (acariens qui passent au moins une partie de leur vie dans l'eau), plus rarement par des dipt\u00e8res. On observe les premiers attach\u00e9s au thorax, \u00e0 l'abdomen ou aux ailes et ils appartiennent presque toujours au genre Arrenurus. Noter que cette femelle E. najas fait partie des exceptions, avec une bande ant\u00e9hum\u00e9rale compl\u00e8te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Erythromma<\/a>
Erythromma najas m\u00e2le, Gennes sur Loire (France-49), 26\/05\/2012<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les larves de ces ectoparasites se fixent sur les larves d'odonates \u00e0 leur dernier stade alors qu'elles sont encore dans l'eau, venant tr\u00e8s souvent s'abriter sous les fourreaux alaires. Ils sont alors en attente de l'\u00e9mergence, pas encore r\u00e9ellement parasites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Erythromma<\/a>
Erythromma najas m\u00e2le parasit\u00e9, Gennes sur Loire (France-49), 26\/05\/2012<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Lors de l'\u00e9mergence, d\u00e8s que la face dorsale de la larve d'odonate appara\u00eet hors de l'exuvie, elles quittent leur abri pour venir se fixer sur le thorax ou\/et l'abdomen et devenir parasites se nourrissant de l'h\u00e9molymphe de leur h\u00f4te apr\u00e8s avoir perfor\u00e9 la cuticule encore tendre gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un tube qu'elles s\u00e9cr\u00e8tent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Erythromma<\/a>
Erythromma najas m\u00e2le, Gennes sur Loire (France-49), 26\/05\/2012<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Lorsqu'elles sont gav\u00e9es d'h\u00e9molymphe, elles apparaissent sous forme de petites sph\u00e8res aplaties de couleur verd\u00e2tre ou marron (ou rouge pour A. papillator) ; cette teinte leur est donn\u00e9e par la coloration du caecum (intestin) tandis que la ligne claire que l'on voit tr\u00e8s bien ci-dessus correspond \u00e0 leur organe excr\u00e9teur (uropore).
Devenus larves matures, elles quitteront leur h\u00f4te lors d'une ponte (puisque dans la plupart des cas le m\u00e2le accompagne la femelle) et retourneront \u00e0 l'eau pour poursuivre leur cycle de d\u00e9veloppement. Il est d'ailleurs remarquable que les \u00e9tudes montrent que les femelles odonates sont plus souvent infest\u00e9es que les m\u00e2les, celles-ci retournant plus souvent, plus longtemps \u00e0 l'eau \u00e0 l'occasion des pontes (2).

Cette d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l'eau des hydracariens implique qu'en fonction de l'\u00e9cologie sp\u00e9cifique des odonates, on ne retrouvera pas les m\u00eames esp\u00e8ces d'Arrenurus sur toutes les libellules. Le cas d'Arrenurus papillator en est un bon exemple ; capable de supporter dessication et diapause, c'est le parasite qui s'int\u00e9resse plus sp\u00e9cifiquement aux odonates qui pondent parfois hors de l'eau, dans des zones exond\u00e9es, mais qui reviendront en eau \u00e0 l'automne, comme les Sympetrum.
Cet Arrenurus papillator infeste commun\u00e9ment les Lestes (L.macrostigma, L. barbarus, L. sponsa, L. dryas) qui, eux aussi, pondent hors de l'eau dans les tiges des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux ou sous les \u00e9corces.
La niche \u00e9cologique de ce parasite se situe dans les eaux stagnantes temporaires ou vivent les larves de Lestes et de Sympetrum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Erythromma<\/a>
Erythromma najas m\u00e2le immature, Gennes sur Loire (France-49), 03\/05\/2012<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

J'avais toujours fait l'erreur de croire que les odonates \u00e9taient infest\u00e9s par des hydracariens adultes aussi quand j'ai fait les photos ci-dessous, je n'ai pas compris qu'il s'agissait d'hydracariens ; en effet, et on le voit beaucoup mieux<\/em> sur la derni\u00e8re photo, ces parasites \u00e0 la t\u00eate apparemment bien diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e n'ont que 3 paires de pattes et ils ne me semblaient donc pas pouvoir appartenir aux acariens qui sont hexapodes et de forme grossi\u00e8rement sph\u00e9rique !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Erythromma<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
Erythromma najas m\u00e2le \u00e0 gauche, femelle \u00e0 droite, \u00e9mergents, Gennes sur Loire (France-49), 03\/05\/2012<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Erythromma<\/a>
Erythromma najas m\u00e2le \u00e9mergent, Gennes sur Loire (France-49), 03\/05\/2012<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mais au stade larvaire, ces Arrenurus (environ 0.25 mm) ne comptent que 3 paires de pattes et ce n'est qu'apr\u00e8s leur retour \u00e0 l'eau, apr\u00e8s une derni\u00e8re nymphose, qui alt\u00e9rera consid\u00e9rablement leur morphologie, que les nymphes ont 8 pattes.

Enfin, on ne rencontre jamais de parasites du genre Arrenurus sur les odonates vieillissant et il semble que les larves atteignent leur maturit\u00e9 \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s au moment o\u00f9 les odonates commencent \u00e0 s'accoupler : qui dit accouplement dit proximit\u00e9 de l'eau et ponte, et c'est l'occasion pour les larves des parasites de retourner \u00e0 l'eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n

-1 Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude des Arrenuridae (Acari, Hydrachnellae) de France, par France Cassagne-M\u00e9jean, Acarologia
-2 Phoresy and parasitism : water mite larvae of the genus Arrenurus (Acari ; Hydrachnidia) on Odonata from Lake Binowskie (NW Poland), Andrzej Zawal, Biological lett. 2006, 43(2) : 257-276<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les odonates sont commun\u00e9ment parasit\u00e9s par des hydracariens (acariens qui passent au moins une partie de leur vie dans l'eau), plus rarement par des dipt\u00e8res. On observe les premiers attach\u00e9s au thorax, \u00e0 l'abdomen ou aux ailes et ils appartiennent presque toujours au genre Arrenurus. Noter que cette femelle E. najas fait partie des exceptions, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[60,380,55],"tags":[522,156,523],"class_list":["post-8285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","hentry","category-coenagrionidae-france","category-erythromma-najas","category-france","tag-erythormma-najas","tag-parasitisme","tag-parasitisme-zygoptere","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"\nErythromma najas : parasitisme - Mes Libellules<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meslibellules.fr\/blog\/2021\/03\/08\/erythromma-najas-parasitisme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Erythromma najas : parasitisme - Mes Libellules\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les odonates sont commun\u00e9ment parasit\u00e9s par des hydracariens (acariens qui passent au moins une partie de leur vie dans l'eau), plus rarement par des dipt\u00e8res. 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